Sichuan Crane: Main Structures and Development History
Category: Industry News
Release time:2020-02-13
A crane is a versatile lifting machine capable of vertically hoisting and horizontally moving heavy loads within a defined range; it’s also commonly referred to as an overhead crane, hoist, or traveling crane. Cranes fall under the category of material-handling equipment. They are widely used in indoor and outdoor warehouses, factory buildings, ports, and open storage yards.
In ancient China, the "ju" used for irrigating farmland was essentially the precursor to the arm-type crane. By the 14th century, manually and animal-powered rotating-boom cranes had emerged in Western Europe. In the early 19th century, bridge cranes appeared, marking the first widespread use of metal components—such as axles, gears, and lifting attachments—for critical crane parts, alongside the introduction of hydraulic power. Later in the 19th century, steam-powered cranes gradually replaced their hydraulically driven counterparts. Then, starting in the 1920s, rapid advancements in the electrical and internal combustion engine industries led to the development of various fundamental crane designs powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines.
Cranes primarily consist of lifting mechanisms, traveling systems, and metal structures. The lifting mechanism is the crane's core working component, typically comprising a hoisting system and a trolley—though some cranes also utilize hydraulic systems to raise and lower heavy loads. The traveling system enables the horizontal movement of loads along the length of the crane or helps adjust its operational position; it usually includes an electric motor, gearbox, brake, and wheels. Meanwhile, the metal structure serves as the crane's skeletal framework, providing critical load-bearing support for components such as bridge girders, boom arms, and portal frames. Among these, portal frames can be designed as either box-shaped, truss-like, or web-structured systems, while some may even incorporate structural steel sections as supporting beams.
Cranes are characterized by their intermittent motion—during a single work cycle, the mechanisms responsible for tasks like picking up materials, transporting them, and unloading operate alternately.
Crane drive systems can be divided into two main categories: one is centralized drive, and the other is individual drive. For large-capacity, standard bridge cranes, universal couplings are often used in the drive mechanisms to facilitate installation and adjustment.
Keywords: Sichuan Crane: Main Structures and Development History
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