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Rail-related cause: Poor installation quality of the tracks resulted in excessive deviations between the two rails, inevitably leading to rail biting during crane operation. In such cases, the rail-biting phenomenon typically occurs at specific sections of the track. 1. Excessive relative elevation difference between the two rails: Since there is a significant discrepancy in the relative heights of the two rails, one end beam of the bridge crane ends up higher on one side while the other remains lower. As the crane moves, it tends to shift laterally toward the lower side, triggering rail-biting. On the side where the rail is higher, the wheel flange presses tightly against the outer edge of the rail, causing rail biting; conversely, on the side with the lower rail, the wheel flange squeezes against the inner edge of the rail, also resulting in rail biting.
2020-02-13
For running mechanisms with either centralized or individual drive systems, the methods to prevent and address crane wheel flange wear on the rails should differ. This can be achieved through careful inspection, meticulous adjustment, and correcting any misalignment in the installation of wheels and rails—paying particular attention to synchronization issues between the motors, brakes, and gearboxes on both sides of individually driven mechanisms. 1. Limit the ratio of bridge span \( L \) to wheel gauge \( K \). During normal operation, overhead cranes allow for a certain degree of free inclination between the wheel flanges and the rails, meaning a small lateral movement is permitted between the wheel flanges and the rail sides (typically 20–30 mm). The greater this clearance, the less likely flange wear will occur.
Looking back at the 60-year development history of China's tower crane industry, we see how it has grown from scratch to become a major player—scaling up in size and sophistication while gradually establishing a comprehensive system and product portfolio. Today, China is capable of producing tower cranes ranging from 100 kN·m to 52,000 kN·m, meeting not only domestic construction project needs but also exporting extensively to markets worldwide, particularly making small-volume exports to developed countries and regions in Europe and North America. As a result, China has firmly established itself as a global leader in tower crane manufacturing. However, in recent years, amid rapidly evolving market dynamics and intense competitive pressures, China's leading tower crane manufacturers have significantly increased their investments in research and development as well as production capabilities. As a consequence, the technological gap between Chinese manufacturers and their international counterparts has narrowed considerably. That said, challenges still remain in terms of overall structural design, performance, and quality.
To ensure the safe operation of metallurgical bridge cranes, and based on the specific conditions of metallurgical production and operations, these cranes must meet the following requirements: 1. Use electric motors specifically designed for metallurgical cranes; in environments where temperatures exceed 40°C, motors with Class H insulation should be selected. 2. Equip the crane with two independently functioning braking systems (dual braking). 3. A load-limiting device must be installed. 4. Install dual limiters—typically combining weight-based and rotary-type designs—to prevent overtravel at the uppermost position. These limiters should activate separate circuit-breaker systems. Additionally, for cranes with lifting heights exceeding 20 meters, a secondary limiter controlling the lower limit should also be fitted as needed.
The computer program automatically calculates the required moment of inertia and configures it by moving the inertia disk via the control panel. In the control room, the test system is then initiated; once testing is complete, the system automatically generates test curves and a detailed test report. After conducting five tests, technicians analyze the valid data and prepare the final report. On July 23, the comprehensive performance testing system for crane safety brakes—developed by the technical team at the National Bridge Gantry Crane Quality Inspection Center (referred to as "National Crane Center" hereafter)—left a strong impression during a dynamic braking torque test on an SB400 hydraulic clamp-disc brake model conducted for a specific company.
Good antioxidant and hydrolytic stability: The ideal operating temperature range for most hydraulic oils is between 30°C and 80°C, as the lifespan of hydraulic oil is closely tied to its working temperature. Once the oil temperature exceeds 60°C, for every additional 8°C increase, the oil’s service life is halved. This means that at 90°C, the oil’s lifespan drops to roughly 10% of what it is at 60°C—primarily due to oxidation. At atmospheric pressure, every liter of oil contains slightly less than 0.1 liter of air. In fact, oxygen is always present, reacting with the hydrocarbons in the oil and gradually causing it to oxidize. Over time, this leads to a darkening of the oil’s color and an increase in its viscosity. Eventually, the oxidation products can no longer remain dissolved within the oil.
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